The Qaitbay Citadel, located on the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria, Egypt, is one of the most iconic and well-preserved defensive structures in the region. Built in 1477 AD by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qaitbay during the Mamluk era, the citadel was constructed to protect the city from invading forces, particularly the Ottomans, and to safeguard Egypt’s northern coast.

The citadel stands on the eastern side of Pharos Island, on the very site where the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, once stood before its destruction by earthquakes. Some of the stones from the fallen lighthouse were used in the construction of the fortress, linking it to Alexandria’s ancient heritage.

The Qaitbay Citadel is a massive stone fortress with thick walls and round towers that were designed to withstand heavy artillery. Its main features include a large central keep, a mosque within its courtyard, and numerous chambers that served as barracks, storerooms, and defensive positions for soldiers. The citadel also boasts panoramic views of the Mediterranean Sea and the city of Alexandria, making it both a strategic military outpost and a picturesque landmark.

Throughout its history, the Qaitbay Citadel has seen various renovations and uses, including as a naval base during different periods of Egyptian history. Today, it stands as a historical monument and a popular tourist destination, symbolizing Alexandria’s long-standing maritime importance and serving as a reminder of the city’s rich and layered history.