Tour Description

Saqqara is one of Egypt’s most important archaeological sites and home to the country’s oldest and most iconic pyramids. Located just 30 kilometers south of Cairo, Saqqara served as the necropolis for the ancient Egyptian capital of Memphis and is known for its Step Pyramid of Djoser, the earliest large-scale stone monument in the world. This vast burial ground spans several miles and contains tombs and structures dating back over 4,700 years, offering a fascinating glimpse into the evolution of Egyptian architecture, religion, and society. The Step Pyramid of Djoser, constructed during the 27th century BCE by the famous architect Imhotep, was built for the Pharaoh Djoser of the Third Dynasty. This pioneering structure is considered the first pyramid ever built in Egypt and marked the transition from simple mastaba tombs to the more sophisticated pyramid design. Rising in six distinct steps, the pyramid reaches a height of 62 meters and was originally part of a larger mortuary complex with temples, courtyards, and ceremonial spaces where rituals were performed to honor the deceased pharaoh. Saqqara’s significance extends far beyond the Step Pyramid. The site is home to numerous other tombs and pyramids belonging to later pharaohs, nobles, and officials, showcasing the architectural and artistic innovations that occurred over centuries. Among the notable discoveries are the Pyramid of Unas, with its Pyramid Texts—the oldest known religious inscriptions—and the Tomb of Ti, famous for its exquisite wall reliefs depicting scenes of daily life in ancient Egypt. The necropolis also features underground burial chambers, including the Serapeum, where sacred Apis bulls were interred in massive granite sarcophagi. These intricate tombs and monuments highlight the Egyptians’ deep belief in the afterlife and their elaborate burial practices aimed at ensuring safe passage to the next world. In recent years, Saqqara has continued to yield extraordinary archaeological discoveries, from intact tombs and mummies to rare artifacts and statues, making it one of Egypt’s most active and exciting excavation sites. The site’s rich history and ongoing finds contribute to our understanding of Egypt’s ancient civilization, particularly during the Old Kingdom and beyond. Saqqara’s sprawling landscape, with its mix of ancient pyramids, mastabas, and funerary complexes, provides visitors with a profound experience of Egypt’s vast and complex history. It stands as a testament to the ingenuity and reverence of the ancient Egyptians, making it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in exploring the roots of pyramid-building and the enduring legacy of Egyptian burial traditions.